Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Malnutrition and Nutrition Programs in Malaysia

Lack of healthy sustenance and Nutrition Programs in Malaysia Substance (Jump to) Part 1 : INTRODUCTION Part 2: BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION IN MALAYSIA Part 3: CURRENT MALNUTRITION INTERVENTION Programs-The points, system and assessment 3.1 Breastfeeding program 3.2 Rehabilitation Program for Malnourished Children 3.3 Other Main Nutrition Intervention Programs Section 4: DISCUSSION To contrast and the created nations Section 6: CONCLUSION Section 7: REFERRENCE Section 1 : INTRODUCTION Ailing health in the entirety of its structures is characterized as all types of poor sustenance. It identifies with irregular characteristics in vitality, and explicit large scale and micronutrients-just as in dietary examples. Ordinarily, the accentuation has been comparable to insufficiency, however it likewise applies to abundance admission or improper dietary examples. It is a wide term ordinarily utilized as option to under-nourishment however in fact it likewise alludes over-sustenance. Youngster lack of healthy sustenance was related with 54% of kid demise (10.8 million kids) in creating nations in 2001, in spite of the fact that is it seldom the immediate reason for death. Undernutrition is the immediate aftereffect of deficient dietary admission, the nearness of illness, or the association of these two variables. The danger of biting the dust from a sickness as twice as high for somewhat malnourished youngsters, multiple times as high for those decently malnourished and multiple times more prominent for kids named extreme malnourished when contrasted with typical kids (UNICEF 1996). Fundamental reasons for unhealthiness are shifted. Contaminations among youngsters, including helminthiasis can add to lack of healthy sustenance, showed as frailty, hindering as well as disabled youth advancement. Repetitive affliction and looseness of the bowels among newborn children who are not breastfed can bring about lack of healthy sustenance and in the long run sway their typical development and improvement. Tuberculosis among youngsters and grown-ups is connected to poor sustenance. Then again, dietary examples are moving from conventional eating regimens to slim s down in which prevalently handled nourishments are devoured. These nourishments are of restricted healthful quality, by and large wealthy in soaked fats, sugar and salt. While the weight of undernutrition among youngsters and incessant vitality lack (CED) in grown-ups keep on being major dietary worries in numerous pieces of Asia, the weight of overweight and corpulence is getting progressively broad in the area (Khor 2008). Overweight and stoutness are characterized as anomalous and extreme fat amassing that present a danger of wellbeing. They are related with non-transferable sicknesses, for example, stroke, hypertension, cardiovascular illness, type 2 diabetes and certain type of malignant growth. Aside from that, ongoing examination indicated that undernutrition during early life can later prompt overweight or corpulence by provoking vitality protection component in the body that can continue into adulthood. Serious dietary hardship in fetal and early post-natal period followed by a fast get up to speed development in youth is presently known to expand the danger of overweight and weight (Florentino 2014). WHO (2008) appraises more than 1.4 billion grown-ups, 20 and more seasoned, were overweight which more than 200 million men and almost 300 million ladies were hefty. By and large, over 10% of the world’s grown-up populace was corpulent. The worldwide pervasiveness of overweight and weight in youngsters matured five to 19 years is 10% (Kipping et al. 2008). It was additionally revealed that overall predominance of overweight and corpulence in preschool kids expanded from 4.2% in 1990 to 6.7% in 2010 and the commonness in Asia is 4.9%, with the quantity of influenced y oungsters was around 18 million and this pattern is relied upon to arrive at 9.1%, or 60 million, in 2020 (Onis et al. 2010). Part 2: BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION IN MALAYSIA From the period when quite a long while of autonomy, Malaysia was an immature nation with high pace of destitution and craving. Destitution is firmly connected with restricted access to sound food and poor access to medicinal services prompting issues, for example, undernutrition and other related sicknesses. Late National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) IV has uncovered that the commonness of underweight and squandering for kids matured underneath 18 years is 16.1 and 17.8% individually and it was accounted for 6.1% kids were hefty. Study by Poh et al. (2013) among kids a half year to 12 years demonstrated that the predominance of overweight (9â ·8 %) and corpulence (11â ·8 %) was higher than that of slenderness (5â ·4 %) and hindering (8â ·4 %). Doubtlessly the consequences of the NHMS 2011 showed a higher predominance of undernutrition than that of overnutrition, while Poh et al. (2013) announced the inverse was valid. It might be because of various cut-off point as NHMS utilizing CDC (2000) while Poh et al. (2013) utilizing WHO development diagram or could be because of the diverse testing convention. We can infer that Malaysia despite everything shows higher predominance of undernutrition and simultaneously expanding pattern of overweight and corpulence. Creating nations incorporating Malaysia are in a condition of quick financial progress because of for the most part improving earnings, expanding industrialization, urbanization and globalization. This has offered ascend to changing way of life and diet from one with significant level physical of action and diets dependent on plant food, to one with more significant level of stationary way of life and diet of expanding vitality based, for example, high starch, high sugar and high in fat. The overabundance vitality from these nourishments may influence grown-up and kids inside the family in an unexpected way. For example, little youngsters may handily go through the abundance vitality and still be underweight while grown-ups may wind up putting on weight. These adjustments in utilization and physical action lead to rising commonness of overweight and corpulence particularly in grown-ups subsequently expanding in NCD. The progressions in financial advancements throughout the years in Malaysia have acquired an improvement the general nourishing status of the nation. In any case, pockets of unhealthiness despite everything exist, especially among the rustic regions. In this manner, Malaysia presently needs to confront twofold weight of ailing health (DBM) as the new pattern rise in. Section 3: CURRENT MALNUTRITION INTERVENTION Programs-The points, technique and assessment The point of sustenance program is to plan, execute and create nourishment administrations to accomplish and keep up the dietary prosperity of the populace and advance smart dieting rehearses. The program expects to screen and assess the wholesome status of Malaysian populace and aid healthful reconnaissance. It likewise to plan, execute and assess the nourishment wellbeing projects, exercises and advancement. Sustenance mediations to improve the wholesome prosperity of the Malaysian populace have been executed by the Ministry of Health as a team with different services. The projects and exercises that have been completed incorporate lightening of macronutrient and micronutrient lacks, sustenance advancement and improving family food security. 3.1 Breastfeeding program Malaysia has delineated a couple of procedures so as to battle ailing health in kids and young people. It begins from birth of the infant by elevating select breastfeeding as long as a half year old enough as per National Breastfeeding Policy. The point is to guarantee the child get the advantages and supplement from bosom milk. Study shows that breastfeeding is defensive against contaminations and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and this impact is more grounded when breastfeeding is selective (Fern R. Hauck 2011). In 1993, the Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia received the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). This activity plans to increment breastfeeding among all ladies in Malaysia in accordance with the WHO proposal of at any rate a half year of elite breastfeeding, to engage ladies to settle on right decisions on taking care of their infants and to make favorable conditions in medical clinic and from that point for ladies who wish to breastfeed. What's more, MOH started Baby Friendly Clinic venture in 2006 focusing on wellbeing centers and rustic facilities in Malaysia. It expects to urge moms to breastfeed their children only from birth up to the initial a half year and proceed until two years of age. Study by Tan (2011) demonstrated the commonness of restrictive breastfeeding among moms with newborn children matured somewhere in the range of one and a half year was 43.1% (95% CI: 39.4, 46.8). Pervasiveness of convenient inception was 63.7% (CI: 61.4 65.9) and the proceeded with predominance of breastfeeding as long as two years was 37.4% (CI: 32.9 42.2) (Fatimah Jr et al. 2010). The discoveries propose that the projects actualized over the most recent ten years were powerful in improving the predominance of ever breastfeeding, opportune inception of breastfeeding and kept breastfeeding as long as two years 3.2 Rehabilitation Program for Malnourished Children The primary macronutrient lack issue among Malaysian kids is protein and vitality ailing health. This is showed in offspring of being underweight for their age. Restoration Program for Malnourished Children, also called â€Å"Food Basket Program† has been begun by Ministry of Health in 1989 as an exertion government to expand the wellbeing and nourishing status among youngsters under 6 years of age (Ministry of Health 2009). In these program kids that satisfied the standards will be given â€Å"food basket† to assist them with having a decent and nutritious eating routine so they could have ideal physical and mental development. The youngsters were likewise given close consideration and fitting treatment on any infection, wellbeing instruction and appropriate social insurance. The standards for qualification are youngsters matured between a half year to 6 years of age who are extreme underweight (weight-for-age not exactly - 3SD of the middle) or moderate underweight (weight-for-age between - 2SD and - 3SD) and from no-nonsense poor families (family pay under RM430 or RM110 per capita for Peninsular Malaysia; less tha

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Terahertz Spectroscopy Approach

Terahertz Spectroscopy Approach Synopsis of the Papers Terahertz spectroscopy faculties and controls assets of substance with electromagnetic fields that are in scope of frequencies between many gigahertz to a few terahertz. In Quantum mechanics based frameworks for interfacing particles, a few appropriate conditions have a vitality change that matches with the vitality in Terahertz photons. Subsequently, THz spectroscopy conveys an especially powerful technique in deciding and modifying singular advancements between various quantum states. By misusing this, one advances new dreams about quantum energy and how that can be abused in rising and growing new aptitude that are improved up to the basic quantum level. The paper manages the DIPEL expert business item to control the worm pesticides utilized in natural planting and in different natural materials. The extensive weakening from communicate estimations pushed hearty sign dispersing dependent on the components of particles which is in the middle of 1 mm to 400 small scale meters and are contiguous the THz frequencies in the range between 250 ÃŽ ¼m to 750 ÃŽ ¼m. Likewise different reflection estimations were coming out and a 917 GHz absorbance rate was experiential recorded. This entire procedure manages Mie hypothesis that a part of focus is oblige dispersing. Along these lines, focus can be seen by the reflectivity measurements. To show this hypothesis, spores were detached from the enormous DiPel coarse components and their event was again profound established with microscopy. A dispersion output of the taken out spore tests was then tedious procedure. The retention and dispersing process is controlled and unpredictable states of the pa rticles are controlled utilizing terahertz spectroscopy approach second Paper Terahertz spectroscopy approach is additionally utilized for the concoction investigation. Fingerprinting approaches need small going before data about which organisms are of extraordinary consideration and the genetic fingerprinting approaches permit accreditations of prevailing individuals from the microorganism network to the general individuals. Biomolecules and microbial spores have been built up to have recognizing marks in the ingestion plots. As of late, terahertz spectroscopy has showed up as a promising strategy that enables the name free, non-trade, and nondestructive appraisal on the natural and organic constituents. They have utilized the assimilation of thymine and the matched groups of Bacillus sp. spores.â They have utilized infiltrating recurrence area examination of spectrometer game plan for retention of these investigations. The benefit of this plan is that it has an incredible powerful range between 70 dB at 100 Hz and 40dB at 1THz. This permits the identificat ion of one of a kind indications of different materials, even in the sign of foundation focuses, for example, occurs in flimsy coatings of fluid water. They likewise utilized the methodology for ingestion of thymine monohydrate powder which is found in DNA tests utilizing terahertz recurrence spectroscopy. The choices were kept up by filtering electron optical magnifying lens imaging forms, which obviously settled the example contained as often as possible spores and demonstrates that the examples are having not many negative microorganisms or microbes. In third paper THz estimations of Bacillus thuringiensis which is famously known as a dirt microscopic organisms and bug pathogen are introduced.â These microorganisms produce protein gems which are noxious to a decent variety of creepy crawlies however are not damaging to animals. The examination of THz marks is finished utilizing minutely forms and the lessening factors are decreased. The hearty water lessening between the reaches 400 to 1200 GHz debilitates the reflection impact. The foundation of the connection among THz marks and level of hydration of bacillus thuringiensis tests happens. The proportion of THz monograms related with the hydration extra keep up that the premise of retention is likely from the outside protein covering of spores which is the main piece of the bacterium that is center to lack of hydration and modifies rapidly because of the natural changes. Paper 1: ZHANG, W., BROWN, E. R., VIVEROS, L., BURRIS, K. P. What's more, STEWART JR., C. N. Tight terahertz lessening marks in Bacillus thuringiensis In-content: (Zhang et al.) Book index: Zhang, Weidong et al. Slender Terahertz Attenuation Signatures In Bacillus Thuringiensis. Diary of Biophotonics 7.10 (2013): 818-824. Web. Paper 2: VIVEROS, L., ZHANG, W., BROWN, E. R. Also, BYKHOVSKI, A. Bioinspired THz applications for concoction examination and microorganism fingerprinting In-content: (Viveros et al.) Catalog: Viveros, Leamon et al. Bioinspired Thz Applications For Chemical Analysis And Microorganism Fingerprinting. NAECON 2014 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (2014): n. pag. Web. 17 Feb. 2017. paper 3: ZHANG, W., BROWN, E. R., VIVEROS, L., BURRIS, K. P. Also, STEWART JR., C. N. Thin terahertz constriction marks in Bacillus thuringiensis In-content: (Zhang et al.) Catalog: Zhang, Weidong et al. Thin Terahertz Attenuation Signatures In Bacillus Thuringiensis. Diary of Biophotonics 7.10 (2013): 818-824. Web. 17 Feb. 2017.

Friday, August 21, 2020

My night with 8.03

My night with 8.03 (Yeah yeah, right now its Saturday but I wrote this on wednesday night so shut up.) Right now it is Wednesday night Im starting/finishing/making minimal progress on my 8.03 problem set when I remembered I havent updated in a very long time. So I heave the pretty incredible stash of lined paper, problem set pages, 8.03 text book, 8.022 notebook (I know, Im cheating) off my lap, open up notepad, and commence my play-by-play of tonights festivities. I will probably spice this horrible idea for an entry up with some shenanigans from weeks/days past, or maybe I will just go to sleep. For those playing along at home, here is Pset 8 in all its glory. I really cant say why this problem set is taking me so long. But let it be known that I really hate multi-part problems. The time is 2:52am. I am really quite ashamed to say Ive been working on this since 8ish. Ive finished problems 1 and 2. :/ Exhibit A: Is this really 7 hours worth of work? God I hope not. Come to think of it, a part of that time was spent watching a completely irrelevant open courseware lecture by Walter Lewin on neutron stars, and now much more of it will be spent writing this entry! Is this irony? I can never tell anymore. Status Report: Slight derailment due to people. Time is now 4:55am. I know, I know. On to #3. Now I remember why I had 8.022 open. I like the way we calculate inductance in 8.02 better than 8.03. The lovely thing about physics is that as no one beefs about how you do a problem as long as you do a problem. Which is certainly not the case in engineering. Yet another derailment. I stare at part b. Inductance is nothing more than the result of geometry, I say. All the buns are blank! says Mitch. I turn the volume down on my laptop. 5:04am. Ive figured it out but there is a slight snag. SI units are a strange beast to me in E+M. 5:10am. Still thinking about SI units. My photography class (4.343) did a workshop on four-point lighting a few mondays ago (we only meet on mondays 7-10pm). I had my camera with me, so I turned into our unofficial photographer of the evening as we tested different lighting setups. After a brief intro we dove right in. Dan, the ever delightful tech guy, shows us the dos and donts, the ins and outs of each of our studio lights (which incidentally are available on loan which I am very excited about). The lights are bright, he tells us, and they can get quite hot. Here are some gloves. Dont burn yourself, dont get electrocuted. That can be embarrassing. He talks about the quality of light, and how we can achieve softer or harsher lighting. You see, four-point lighting consists of four(4) lights placed in strategic locations as to create the most natural and flattering look for a photographic subject. Its a variation of the classic three-point lighting often used in film. The four lights are the key light, the fill light, the backlight, (not to be confused with) the background light. Key light is the strongest light source in the picture, it is pointed directly at the subject and used to accentuate curves of the face (provides high contrast). The fill light is used to control this contrast and is generally positioned so as to illuminate the otherwise dark shadows in the figure. A stronger fill light would reduce the contrast while a weaker one would increase it. The backlight is what makes the subject pop out of the frame of his background and appear more 3-D and immediate. It is placed behind the subject and maybe to one side if thats what you prefer. Finally, the background light (which is not a component of 3-pt ligh ting) lights the background of the picture. In this case, an old, slightly discolored blank wall. I stole the following picture to further illuminate(lol, get it, illuminate? im awesome) the situation: Thanks, Yale film school! So we all know how a chair looks under a 700 watt bulb but how does a person? Meet MIT undergrad in Course 6 and model/filmstar David. Today were going to take Davids senior high picture. This is David under only a key light. Notice the harsh shadows across his face. Though this might be a look you want in a shot, it is not the look we want. David sees the fill light. All other lights are switched off. Did you know? Photons have momentum! The momentum of a photon is its energy E divided by c. The mass of a photon in any frame but its rest frame is E/c^2. The more you know! A backlight. David is brooding and mysterious. The background light. David is a shape in the dark. Putting some of them together: Key and fill and nothing else. Notice how David is flat and appears to be a part of the background. Classic three-point lighting: Now throw in the background light and voila: Anyways, I think this stuff is cool. Im going to go on a portrait rampage shortly. First things first, though. Its 5:26am. Im still here at my little desk. I look up Maxwells Equations in integral form on Wikipedia. This is a new low for the evening. Find expressions for the velocity and the characteristic impedance of the line Id probably know how to do this if Id gone to lecture today. I look up the meaning of characteristic impedance. Out comes Bekefi and Barrett from under a pile of crap. Luckily on the first page I flip to there are the underlined words The characteristic impedance z_0. Cool. 6:00am. I have a done-pile and a not-done-pile. The done-pile gets bigger as Problem 3 goes on top. I crack my window open a bit. Its not too cold today, the morning air is refreshing. Google predicts a high in the mid-60s today. I think about all the time I will have tonight. Which I will consequently waste on video games and checking my email a million times a second. However, Wikipedia is not going to tell me how to do problem 4. haha just kidding. it is wikipedia afterall.. 6:00am-6:30am. I did nothing. I kid you not I did absolutely nothing. I completely forgot about the Pset. I stumbled onto the admissions webpage and left dumb comments on peoples blogs. Kids, dont do this. Dont be me. 6:30am. Realizing that (^) made me feel guilty and I read part b of #4. Meanwhile, arrives my least favorite (most favorite? it depends) part of an all-nighter (at this point Im either extremely stressed out and counting down the hours til Unified or feeling really darn good and at peace with the world). I think I like it today. What I mean is, the sun is coming up. In the way that it does on cloudy days when everything turns blue, then blue, then more blue. And streets and houses light up in that sleepy way and you start to see as well as hear the occasional car that drives by. Youre looking at my lucky bamboo and the world outside. Life is good. As much fun as it is to watch the sun come up from underneath an avalanche of work and behind the bars of your dorm room window, its a least a little better at the beach. I find that I really cant live too far inland. I feel like Id suffocate. Not that I go to the beach all the time or anything, I just like to know its there. Luckily, Cambridge, MA is less than an hour away from a couple of very nice beaches. Crane Beach in the town of Ipswich, MA, is really very beautiful and if you go on a misty/rainy day you have that whole big thing to yourself. Plus the rain, which is great. I guess Id say its a bit more touristy in that its kept really pristine and designed with people in mind, and mind you, there will be people. It can get pretty crowded. It closes at sunset. The other beach that Ive been to is on Plum Island (the website I linked, by the way, is ridiculous) and I guess one could consider it a bit more unadulterated (you know, untamed, wild, free, yeah.) Anyways, this one is harder to get to than crane (which is linked via commuter rail to MIT) so Ive only been once or twice. A little while back my friend Jesse and I went to watch the sunrise o n the beach. Thought Id share some pictures: I took lots of really trite pictures of the sunrise. Jesse took a picture of me taking really trite pictures of the sunrise. (he takes photo with me) Also, we roasted hot dogs and marshmallows. This is his picture, not mine. We headed back around 8am. Part d: Check your results by using the general expression for voltage reflection given in lecture. 6:51am. Damn. I didnt go to lecture today. I improvise a bit. Armed with the cool confidence provided by my good results, I plow through part e with effortless ease. This is where my lab partner comes in. But she is sound asleep. I send her an email: To : [emailprotected] Cc : Attchmnt: Subject : KELLY WAKE UP ITS TIME FOR SCIENCE Message Text kelly wake up wake up its time to do the lab wake up wake up lab lab lab for 8.03 chop chop As it turns out my email failed to wake her up. I was disappointed. To : [emailprotected] Cc : Attchmnt: Subject : :/ Message Text ok 11-1? Its kind of an awkward time of day. If I go to sleep Ill likely feel more tired than if I just stayed up. An hour of Weboggle it is. Hope you had fun on my all-nighter! -Lulu P.S. Todays toothpaste for dinner is highly relevant. P.P.S. Oh no, I forgot. 8.03 is Wave Mechanics and Optics. Physics III. Maybe I will get some coffee.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

The Marriage of Heaven and Hell Essay - 922 Words

The Marriage of Heaven Hell William Blake The Romantic Period We, as members of the human race, have been endowed with five senses. We have the ability to reason and to be reasonable. We are able to present, receive, and mentally process information logically. The period in history when the importance of these innate functions was stressed is known as the Age of Reason, or the Enlightenment. Also important to this age was the use of science, scientific methods, and theories. This period in history lasted until roughly 1774. The Romantic Period followed period of Enlightenment. This age was the exact opposite of the Enlightenment. Tremendous importance was placed on the imagination. The authors, poets, and artists of†¦show more content†¦The most significant example of Blakes illustration of the prophetic is his ‘conversation with Isaiah and Ezekiel Ââ€" two biblical prophets/poets (12-13). Blake then becomes prophet himself in Plate 14 when claims to have heard from hell that, The ancient tradition that the world will be con sumed in fire at the end of six thousand years is true. This ‘prophecy is based on 2 Peter 3:8 of the Christian Bible. The romantic period is also characterized by motifs that are almost always present. One that is extremely prevalent in Blake The Marriage of Heaven Hell is the cult of genius. According to the poets of the Romantic Era, one had to possess poetic genius in order to be a poet. Blake refers to this a lot in this particular poem. For example, in Plate 6, he says, As I was walking among the fires of hell, delighted with the enjoyments of Genius:. . . Blake, like most of the poets in this era, had no problem admitting that they were poetic geniuses. Actually, they prided in this idea. Another motif that is often found in the literature of this era is nature, or nostalgia. There are references to nature just about everywhere you look in this poem. The first few are located in the first plate. Blake references roses where thorns grow, a river, a spring, singing h oneybees, and the wilds where lions roam. There can also be found constant references to nature in the Proverbs of Hell, especially those in Plate 7. EvenShow MoreRelated The Marriage of Heaven and Hell Essay2342 Words   |  10 PagesThe Marriage of Heaven and Hell Although many of the Romantic poets displayed a high degree of anxiety concerning the way in which their works were produced and transmitted to an audience, few, if any, fretted quite as much as William Blake did. Being also a highly accomplished engraver and printer, he was certainly the only one of the Romantics to be able to completely move beyond mere fretting. Others may have used their status or wealth to exert their influence upon the production process,Read MoreThe Marriage Of Heaven And Hell By William Blake1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, William Blake explored and solidified his divergent religious beliefs through beautiful etchings and poetry. Blake had relatively nothing at stake in his opposition to the norm; he had been judged as an insane person for the majority of his life. However, Blake’s resistance to traditional Christian tenets was only part of his socioreligious defiance. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Principles of Recommendation Essay Samples You Can Benefit From Starting Immediately

The Principles of Recommendation Essay Samples You Can Benefit From Starting Immediately A personal loan is essentially a loan which is borrowed for many purposes that are not normally disclosed to the lending company. The people there are well-versed with the full procedure of debt negotiation. A retirement letter is written by those who are reaching their retirement age and want to inform their employer for their plans. A debt arbitration letter is just one of the most significant tools of the settlement approach. There are a few things that are a must when you get started writing a reference letter. Despite the fact that you've probably asked for a reference letter previously, you might be less acquainted with writing one. When you are requested to compose an essay, attempt to locate some samples (models) of similar writing and learn how to observe the craft of the writer. Don't forget that it's not a narrative essay, rather an essay that's aimed toward analyzing the sub ject. Recommendation Essay Samples Explained You are able to also take tests and get newsletters. Since you can see from the aforementioned samples, the job is not very hard. While letter samples are an excellent starting point for your own letter, you should remain flexible. A letter sample is able to help you make a decision as to what type of content you should include, in addition to how to format your letter. There aren't any dates of publication in each one of the references. In some instances, a certain number of recommendation letters is demanded. The info included in a personal recommendation letter might vary greatly dependent on the explanations for the letter. All you need to do is download the absolutely free template for an MS Word doc and customize it with the facts of your colleague. The Importance of Recommendation Essay Samples You need to word your letter carefully or else it might result in some critical repercussions. In the event the author is an individual, then their very first name is used first. Thank you letters are the ideal way to express your appreciation to an individual. The letter has to be concise, and you need to write a logical reason behind leaving the apartment. Speech writing might be an art, and art doesn't have any structure. With a personal letter, you're writing a recommendation letter since you know the man and their character, rather than because you've got direct experience by using their work or education. At length, the letter writer outlines the ways that the subject could give rise to an MBA program. Your work is to earn the letter writer's job as simple as possible. Life After Recommendation Essay Samples There are specific strategies that will need to get remembered if you desire the very best price for your used books. There's a particular time period within which the bidding for the book is permitted to take place. The info presented on the website must provide you more or less clear and total picture of the business. It's possible to use templates of recommendation letter as a way to save your time and energy. In conclusion, it appears that assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. In case the undertaking is accepted by the province legislative assembly. A movie review structure can additionally have a recommendation. Make sure that the thesi s is original and at the exact time dependent on the analysis. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Recommendation Essay Samples Any other important information may also be included. The list can definitely be endless. Recommendations can differ and are heavily contingent on the situation that arose. A recommendation in reference to the intention behind the report Further recommendations are created about action to be taken in light of the most significant recommendation above. You should offer such statements so the expectations are not that large. Along with answering the fundamental questions, be certain that students understand all the underlying or associated difficulties. Letter writing will always help you remain in the minds of your customers and customers. The recommendation letter elucidates solid reasoning to help you to get the chance.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Managerial Finance

Question: Write an essay on"Managerial Finance". Answer: Introduction The development of this project is based on gathering critical knowledge about the key concepts associated with the managerial finance. The identified aim will be attempted to achieve by analysing two different case scenario where one is based on the investigating the required set of understanding from the perspective of a position of financial analyst, the other is involved with evaluating the expansion project of a specific firm (Baker Nofsinger, 2012). The definition of managerial finance is related to the acknowledgement about the managerial significance of different financial techniques and conditions of an organization representing a particular industry. It is one of the primary areas of finance focusing more on the assessment skills of the individuals rather than the involving techniques. Therefore, the importance of managerial finance is based on determining the appropriateness of the financial techniques adopted by a firm for developing the understanding whether these are a ffecting the business internally or externally (Brown, 2012). It can be stated that the basic aim of managerial finance is improving the functionality of the current financial techniques for supporting the achievement of better business outcomes of the company, while preventing the possible occurrence of loss. It is analysed that the approach is the combination of both managerial and corporate financing process. Hence, the major two sections of the document will be dealt with the development of valuable information satisfying the aims and importance of managerial finance. The information portrayed within this section will be based on the viewpoint of the position known as the assistant financial analyst at Antipodes Mineral Resources Company (AMR). The assessment of four important areas associated with the job role will be done to develop the useful understanding related to the basic financial concepts. According to the analysis made on the associated trends in the minerals industry, the necessary involvement of different types of mineral investment can be observed by the incident of commodity price booms during 2004 to 2008. This was the longest and strongest price boom in more than fifty years, which apparently burned out in 2008. Later, the scenario had acquired the second wing in the second half of 2009, which triggered an unprecedented wave in terms of the investment from the miners in the new capacity due to the intense interest in commodities stimulated from the investors and governments (Donovan, 2012). On the other hand, the weak and declining rate of the real term prices emerged due to the prolonged period of boom, which took the industry by surprise. Due to the scenario, the share price of different mining corporations or companies became universally depressed leading few number of investment projects for the companies in the pipeline and flippantly staffed in the project development. Meanwhile, the scenario leads to a certain trend in the investment projects followed by the minerals and mining companies. These companies shifted their focus in carrying out some heavy investments in the expansion of existing mines as well as on the research and development programs for evaluating the improvement opportunities to the new ones (Doumpos, Zopounidis, Pardalos, 2012). Considering the certain trend associated with the types of investment pursuing by the minerals companies, it can be stated that the process is highly slow given the nature of the business. Therefore, it can be suggested that the identification of suitable targets for investment is required to be made essentially. The certain process requires the involvement of appropriate feasibility studies, acquisition of permits, community agreements, and the assessment of environmental impacts before the project can be financed adequately (Gapenski, 2012). Apart from that, it is also observed that the quoted minerals companies have the trend to invest in the nonferrous mining and metals, which is driven by the unprecedented level of industry investment caused by the unparalleled high level of prices. The activities and actions regarding the office of the chief financial officer (CFO) of AMR are highly expected to be developed in line with the certain identified mission. This particular is based on assuring the application of effective management techniques and approaches to maintain the financial integrity of different investment projects and programs including department of energy programs, resources development, and other relevant activities (Gil-Lafuente, 2013). Apart from that, the office of CFO is responsible to develop, implement, and monitor the policies and systems according to the different departments for ensuring the effective outcomes extracted from the key identified areas. These identified areas are the analysis and evaluation of the programs, administering the company budget, resource allocation, strategic planning process, corporate financial systems, internal controls, and managing the accounting and finance division. Therefore, the identified activities of CFOs office clearly portray the roles and responsibilities of the CFO within the organization (Gitman Zutter, 2012). The activities and approaches confirms that the CFO should need to be an effective leader of the organization, as the position of the certain job roles directly represents the key member of the senior management of a company. The office of CFO is expected to develop the activities for facilitating the delivery of services in such a manner satisfying the value creation and preservation within the organization. different procedures undertaken by the CFOs office and outcomes of such process should need to reflect the shared vision and leadership qualities to not only the organization or its employees, but also to the different other stakeholders at the same time (Gitman et al., 2012). In this particular scenario, it is required to mention that the misconstrued assumption must need to be avoided between the roles played by the CEO a nd the CFO, as both are the integral part of the organizational leadership. In conclusion, it can be understood that the roles and responsibilities associated with the CFOs office are developed to form the partnerships with the number of leadership teams and members of the company to produce the common vision related to the organizational performance, challenges, and opportunities (Hallegatte, 2012). As a public company listed in the relevant stock exchange, AMR should need to consider and bear certain goals during the management of the company finances. Out of the many goals, the major three ones can be described as maximising the profit, minimising the company expenses, and capturing the increasing market shares within the respective industry. Out of the three identified goals, profit maximisation is the most important part of managing the financial aspect of the company (Khaja Safiuddin, 2012). It is the ultimate measure, which supports AMR to determine how profit can be extracted from the major business procedures or from the company revenues. Apart from the responsibilities played by the owner of the company, AMR as a company operating in the mining and minerals industry of country should need to take accountabilities of several other perspectives as well. One of such accountabilities can be observed by the involving term known as conflicts minerals. The certain term is probably unknown to many individuals; however, it is important from the business context of a minerals company (Lu, Jain, Zhang, 2012). The particular accountability from this identified aspect is related to the compliance of the business activities and proceedings with the complex rules and guidelines developed by the regulatory body of the country. This provides huge burdens for the company like AMR, as the rules and regulations often hamper the performance of the company with the identified industry. Being accountable for such compliance, the company is responsible to develop strategies according to the condition to minimise the implications of conflic t minerals (Nolop, 2012). On the other hand, the company of AMRs category should also need to consider the supply chain accountabilities importantly. Different kinds of legislations and regulation of the country develop and enforce certain acts to look through the supply chain area of the company. The major aim of this process is to check the inclusion of any metal in the products developed by the company originally belonging from the mines located in the conflict regions (Qureshi, 2012). Therefore, the activities of AMR must need to be informed about the understanding of this certain accountability, giving rise to the approach to amputate the supply of conflict minerals. On the other hand, the company should need to think critically to satisfy the aim of cost minimisation for reducing or cutting off the irrelevant expenses incurring by the business. Therefore, the management should need to conduct review of the financial expenses of the business to decide upon the relevancy and affordability of such expenses critically (Sherman, 2011). As a listed company, AMR should need to retain its business presence to sustain the position, where such process depends not only on the profit earning capacity of the company, but also the cost controlling power of the business management. Last but not the least, the company should need to focus on maximising the market share, which can be calculated by the total revenue of the company over a certain period and comparing such with the total revenues achieved by the industry. As a public company listed in the stock exchange, the company needs to maintain the increasing responsibility to expand its shares in the market, in addition to increase the size of appeal to the larger demographics (Skae Vigario, 2012). Calculation of NPV The initial investment required by RWE Enterprise for developing it second production line is $3 million for purchasing and installing the system to manufacture and sale feed supplements used by the cattle raisers. The estimated life of the new facility is 10 years with the discounting rate is determined as 10%. The after-tax scrap value after the end of the machine life is $200,000. Furthermore, it is assumed that the new production line is required to be refurbished after of five years costing approximately $2 million. Lastly, it is expected by the management of RWE that the new production facility will generate a cash inflow for the business amounting to $700,000 each year of its operating life. With the help of the particular information, firstly, it is required to discount the cash inflows, which are generated each year by installing the new production line for the company (Watada, 2012). In order discount the cash inflows, the use of a simple formula will be adopted. P / (1 + i)t; where P = cash inflow, I = discount rate, and t = year/time Year One: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 1 = 636363 Year Two: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 2 = 318181 Year Three: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x3 = 212121 Year Four: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 4 = 159090 Year Five: -1300000/ (1 + 0.10) x 5 = - 236363 Year Six: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 6 = 106060 Year Seven: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 7 = 90909 Year Eight: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 8 = 79545 Year Nine: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 9 = 70707 Year Ten: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 10 = 63636 Therefore, the Net Present Value or NPV for the new production line will be: [3000000 (636363 + 318181 + 212121 + 159090 236363 + 106060 + 90909 + 79545 + 70707 + 63636] = $1499751 Interpretation By calculating the NPV, the total value of the new investment project can be determined as $1499751. In general, the NPV with the positive value should need to be selected by the business, because of such investment can be more profitable than investing the money in some other alternatives (Whelan, 2011). Contrary to that, the negative value suggests the rejection of the identified project for the business. In case of RWE Enterprise, NPV calculation reflecting the positive value means that the option of developing the production line should need to be followed and implemented by the company. Calculation of Payback and Discounted Payback year cash flow cumulative cash flow 0 -3000000 -3000000 1 700000 -2300000 2 700000 -1600000 3 700000 -900000 4 700000 -200000 5 -1300000 -1500000 6 700000 -800000 7 700000 -100000 8 700000 600000 9 700000 1300000 10 900000 2200000 With the help of the table, payback period can be calculated as, = 7 + (100000/700000) = 7.14 years Year Cash Flow Net Cash Flow Discounted Cash Flow Net Discounted Cash Flow Year 0 $-3,000,000.00 $-3,000,000.00 $-3,000,000.00 $-3,000,000.00 Year 1 $700,000.00 $-2,300,000.00 $636,363.64 $-2,363,636.36 Year 2 $700,000.00 $-1,600,000.00 $578,512.40 $-1,785,123.97 Year 3 $700,000.00 $-900,000.00 $525,920.36 $-1,259,203.61 Year 4 $700,000.00 $-200,000.00 $478,109.42 $-781,094.19 Year 5 $-1,300,000.00 $-1,500,000.00 $-807,197.72 $-1,588,291.91 Year 6 $700,000.00 $-800,000.00 $395,131.75 $-1,193,160.16 Year 7 $700,000.00 $-100,000.00 $359,210.68 $-833,949.47 Year 8 $700,000.00 $600,000.00 $326,555.17 $-507,394.31 Year 9 $700,000.00 $1,300,000.00 $296,868.33 $-210,525.97 Year 10 $700,000.00 $2,000,000.00 $269,880.30 $59,354.33 With the help of the table, the discounted payback period can be determined as, [9 + (210525/269880)] = 9.78 years Findings The decision rule regarding both the payback and discounted payback period suggests the approval of the project in case the calculated of the calculated period is less than the target period. In case of RWE Enterprises, the new production line should need to be implemented to achieve the benefit. Additionally, it is required to mention that the process discounted payback period is more reliable than the simple payback period and the associated calculations. Because of providing priority to the time value of the money, discounted payback period is more widely used technique to achieve the accurate result to make the investment related decisions (Qureshi, 2012). Considering the overall calculations, it is interestingly observed that the project with a negative present value would not pay back the amount of initial investment. References Baker, H. Nofsinger, J. (2012).Socially responsible finance and investing. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Brown, R. (2012).Private real estate investment. ?: IMOJIM. Donovan, S. (2012).Study Guide for Principles of Managerial Finance Brief. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Doumpos, M., Zopounidis, C., Pardalos, P. (2012).Financial decision making using computational intelligence. New York: Springer. Gapenski, L. (2012).Healthcare finance. Chicago, Ill.: Health Administration Press. Gil-Lafuente, A. (2013).Decision making systems in business administration. Singapore: World Scientific. Gitman, L. Zutter, C. (2012).Principles of managerial finance. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Gitman, L., Smith, M., Hall, J., Lowies, B., Marx, J., Strydom, B., Van der Merwe, A. (2012).Principles of managerial finance. Cape Town: Pearson Education. Hallegatte, S. (2012).Investment decision making under deep uncertainty. [Washington, D.C.]: World Bank, Sustainable Development Network, Office of the Chief Economist. Khaja Safiuddin, S. (2012).Managerial Finance and Research. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Lu, J., Jain, L., Zhang, G. (2012).Handbook on decision making. Heidelberg: Springer. Nolop, B. (2012).The essential CFO. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Qureshi, A. (2012).An Evaluation of Financial Practices in investment decision making. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Sherman, E. (2011).Finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers. [New York]: American Management Association. Skae, F. Vigario, F. (2012).Managerial finance. Durban: LexisNexis. Watada, J. (2012).Intelligent decision technologies. Berlin: Springer. Whelan, J. (2011).Decision making in a Japanese general trading company.

Friday, April 3, 2020

Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company

Introduction Founded in the year 2006, the Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company (EIT) has been in the forefront of providing quality and variety of products and services such as mobile telephony, IPTV service, broadband connection, data hub, satellite services, and internet exchange facilities. The company has an integrated operations strategy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Basically, operations strategy is the backbone of a stable company since it determines productivity in terms of flow of operations. Besides, the concept verifies risk proportions before informed decisions are made. This procedure is necessary in monitoring decision science, distribution of risk elements, and forecasting into future swings in the market. Thus, the key conceptual framework of this analytical research treatise is an explicit and in-depth r eflection on the operations management values that can be applied in the operations strategy of the Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company. The paper also offers recommendations on how to sustain the operations management values within this organization. The current operations strategy at the EIT Company Reflectively, relaying information on the success of a production is dependent on labour and operating costs, which are often balanced for value maintenance. In the process of balancing the act, a quality operations management system should be capable of applying the scientific skills in an artistic manner through informed and perfectly framed use of soft skills to address technical aspects of production management. In every business field, the question of factors facilitating success is often posed. In order to present a comprehensive answer to this question, it is of essence to measure success as a component of the existing operation system (Slack 2012). Basically, a quali ty operations management system performs optimally via integration of appropriate scientific factors of production. To enrich artistic managerial talents, a balance in the factors of production comes in handy to not only magnify the margins of success but also to ensure a smooth transition of an idea or an event after another, as is the case at the Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company. Besides, to avoid an imminent failure, it is vital for the operations management system to focus on a defined edge in balancing the labour and operation costs. Therefore, the company has put in place stringent measures and strategies aimed and monitoring expansionary modules within feasible levels.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This includes techniques that are in use in the company to monitor sustainability by application of scientific management of balanced factors of production matrix (Escrig-Tena, Bou-Llusar, Beltran, Roca-Puig 2011). Generally, production mix strategies proposed by the Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company are to ensure long term operation. For implementation of the strategy, the management is to balance both the short term and long term consideration towards decision making. Management that ensures long term obligations is fulfilled. They consider the role played by planning for resources in technology, continued innovations in the production of new products, and conducting researchers to ensure that the production process is efficient through maximization of output within the least possible costs (Slack 2012). Elements of successful operations strategy: Case of the EIT Company Efficiency of the soft skills The key part of the success puzzle for operations management strategy operates with efficiency of the soft skills involving a timeless vision of organizational principles, defining value of the business, determining require ments, clarifying the vision, building teams, mitigating task, resolving issues, and providing direction. A quality operations strategy system must incorporate these principles in the operations (Harrison John 2010). Moreover, balancing act between having to perform optimally at minimal operation and overhead costs is a component of quality in system modelling. Thus, the success of an operations management system is dependent on soft artful skills, which are part and parcel of system management at the Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company. Efficiency in the value maintenance Reflectively, relaying information on the success of a production is dependent on operations strategy for value maintenance. In the process of balancing the act, a quality operations management system should be capable of applying the scientific skills in an artistic manner through informed and perfectly framed use of soft skills to address technical aspects of production management (Slack 2012). Gener ally, the quality operations management system at the Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company is that which satisfies requirements within the budget and time schedule without disintegrating initial goal projections.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Balance between the short-term and long-term goals Generally, corporate strategies proposed by the management of the Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company are to ensure long-term and sustainable operations. For implementation of the strategy, the management balances both the short-term and long-term consideration towards decision making. Management that ensures long term obligations is fulfilled. They consider the role played by planning for resources in technology, continued innovations in the production of new products, and conducting researchers in the market to identify market niches within the customers. It is apparent that the proper matching of soft skills such as team building, organizational effectiveness, leadership, decision making, problem-solving, creativity, flexibility, and team building are essential in measuring quality of an operations management design for the company (Slack 2012). The success and failure of a business entity are dependent on the effectiveness and quality of the operations management since it determines planning, integration, implementation, and control. In order to strike an optimal performance balance, the process of designing a quality operations management system at the Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company commences with a clear overview of budgeting, objectivity, and scheduling (Escrig-Tena et al. 2011). In addition, this part includes control procedures and assessments. In order to come up with a viable operations system, it is of essence to include quality control, communication with stakeholders, pr ogress measurement, and flexibility in planning to accommodate any eventuality as is the case at the Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company. Recommendations Adopting the Flexible Monitoring System (FMS) Business efficiency is critical in the product management line since it is characterized by optimal utilization of allocated factors of production within the least possible cost. From the above refection, it is apparent that the company will gain in the long run if it adopts the Flexible Monitoring System (FMS). Despite lower returns on investment below the projection, the overall effect of adopting this proposal will have benefits that will outweigh its limitations. For instance, when the FMS is fully adopted as proposed, the reduction in cost of factors of operations such as labour and reduced actual production costs will result in accumulated gains as a result of controlled costs that are recurring (Escrig-Tena et al. 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the recurring costs such as labour, production space, and cost of machinery are curtailed within a manageable level, the company will increase its returns on investments. Besides, the excess labour may be channelled to another line of production besides the extra production space. Even though the return on investment is lower than projected, the project is viable since it will permanently reduce the recurring cost by a margin of more than 10% of the company’s current production cost. Moreover, the aspect of efficiency as a result of FMS will push the production frontier curve towards sustainability in the long run. Basically, the immediate adaptation of the proposed FMS will contribute towards sustainability in the aspect of cost, dependability, speed, quality, and flexibility (Slack 2012). Specifically, the reduced production floor space will give room for expansion and products without having to expand the infrastructure of the company. More space means more products b eing produced within the same production bundles. Due to increased output, the market will eventually expand and the company will get more revenues (Jaisnkar Mistra 2007). Through improved orders throughput, the company is set to immediately and substantially gain from the reliability aspect as compared to its competitors. Since clients will be able to receive their orders within a shorter time, the company stands to gain from customer satisfaction and referrals. Since the duration of delivery will decrease by almost a third of its present rate, the company is geared to reap maximum benefits from economies of scale due to increased capacity to produce and distribute within a short period of time (Harrison John 2010). At the UAE location, the quality system is certain. Thus, when the system is quality-oriented, the entire chain coordinating these segments would result in optimal operations. Although operations management systems experience constant metamorphosis as a result of shor t term, midterm, and long term goal planning, no company can operate efficiently without quality system functioning. Thus, quality will quantify optimal functional within a competitive advantage parameter for the company. Besides, high standard operations management score acts as the engine that supports implementers of business strategy in order to comprehensively verify rationale for supporting current, predicted, and actual results for every step upon introduction of a functional system (Harrison John 2010). Adopting the Six-Sigma The company should also adopt the six-sigma approach in quality control and assurance in the maintenance department. Six-Sigma is an experience of operations management that is used to develop business operations that ensure efficiency through optimal and timely production. Six-Sigma is adopted to attain significant effects of production efficiency through periodic review of the production matrix. Actually, Six-Sigma is a sequence of business events wh ich delivers positive outputs that develop business aim of reliability in the production chain. Six-Sigma ensures that production processes that are necessary are improved â€Å"through proactive management of the factors of production such as labour, time, and optimal production capacity† (Slack 2012, p. 39). Six-Sigma is aimed to reduce wastage of production resources that can be experienced in long queues and ineffective task outputs. Quality control is commonly utilized to promote quality of business products. Six-Sigma usually integrates employees to provide the highest quality of products through self-assessment and proactive approach to skills tests. Six-sigma is done to prepare, synchronize and manage the multifarious activities of company through efficiency module. This alternative can be compared to the three balls that are juggled by the circus performers. By implementing the six-sigma alternative, the company can visualize the future risks and hurdles in the imple mentation of any production plan and can take suitable remedial measures for unforeseeable risks such as machine breakdowns (Slack 2012). Modification of the performance measurement variables In order to achieve quality operations management, the Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company’s existing forms of system monitoring should be periodically upgraded to introduce multiple operating system models such as ratio analysis in operation management that is compatible with tracking and analysis within and without the company across the three major segments. These variables are achievable through value delivery, value addition, and creativity. Reflectively, these concepts are techniques and tools essential in the art of operations management. Despite having this efficient operations management system, the company has not fully established a mechanism of monitoring progress at micro level and depends on macro auditing in decision making and still has to deal with the risk of internal redundancy (Powell 2005). The second strategy for performance measurement should be aligned to communication channel in the company. For implementation of the strategy, the management should balance both the short term and long term consideration towards decision making. Management that ensures long term obligations are fulfilled and considers mostly the role played by resources invested in technology, continued innovations in the production of new products and conducting intensive researchers in the market to identify fresh market niches. This is possible because this model of operations management system allows for â€Å"operations process competitiveness as it cut down unnecessary overhead costs from waste and under-utilisation† (Slack 2012, p. 43). Conclusion The Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company has a relatively stable operation management system. However, there is need to make adjustments in the efficiency pillar through adopting the Flexible Moni toring System, Six-Sigma, and performance variable to ensure sustainability in its business operations. Reference List Escrig-Tena, A., Bou-Llusar, C., Beltran, M., Roca-Puig, V. 2011, â€Å"Modeling the implications of quality management elements on strategic flexibility.† Advances in Decision Sciences, vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 1-27. Harrison, J. John, C. 2010, Foundations in strategic management, South Western Cengage Learning, Ohio. Jaisnkar, S. Mistra, N. 2007, Quantitative techniques for management, Bharathiar University,India. Powell, T. 2005, â€Å"Total quality management as competitive advantage: a review and empirical study.† Strategic Management Journal, vol. 16 no. 4, pp. 15–37. Slack, N. 2012, Operations and Process Management: Principles and Practice for Strategic Impact, Pearson Education Limited, Alabama. This essay on Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company was written and submitted by user Hayley T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Internet Advertising Essays - Internet Marketing, Free Essays

Internet Advertising Essays - Internet Marketing, Free Essays Internet Advertising Internet Advertising There are two primary ways to advertise on the Internet: 1.Register your Web site with major search engines so Internet visitors can find you. 2.Place an ad banner for your site on another Web site that has a lot of traffic (viewers). Ad banners allow viewers to link to your site when they click on the banner. Internet Advertising Advantages Relatively cost-effective. The costs can also be independent of the size of the audience. For example, a Web presence will cost the same regardless of how many viewers your site has. (You will, however, need to make sure your Internet Service Provider can handle the volume of viewers you anticipate having.) Advertisers can target specific types of viewers by positioning an ad banner on related Web sites. For example, if you're targeting people seeking information on a specific topic, you can purchase ad space on Web pages that are related to this category in the major search engines (Yahoo, Infoseek, Lycos, WONET - The Women's Online Network, etc.). So, an organic herb farmer selling through mail order might advertise through the organic foods or gourmet cooking category. The indexing structure of these sites allows you to target your audience by geographic location and related interest area. Messages can be timely because editing the content is often easy and instantaneous. Ads on the Internet can be interactive. You can request viewer feedback, take orders or answer questions instantly. Ad banners can run with as much frequency as you choose. The Internet is constantly available! Internet advertisers can potentially reach a global audience. Aside from language barriers, anyone at any location in the world can access information about your products or services. Internet Advertising Disadvantages Internet advertising should not be approached in a vacuum. Instead, it should be one component of a comprehensive Internet Marketing strategy. Although the popularity of the Internet is rising remarkably, it is difficult to gage the impact of advertising on the Internet. The range of costs to advertise on the Internet can vary greatly. It is best to compare a number of highly-frequented sites to determine the best way to spend your advertising dollars.

Thursday, February 20, 2020

Comparison in Political Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparison in Political Philosophy - Essay Example His recognition that knowledge is limited and all he know is that he don’t know anything is based upon recognizing the limits of wisdom and morality. His take on virtues was relatively different from others as he argued that best way a person can live is through the self development rather than possession of material wealth. The given quote to be discussed in this paper therefore is also relatively focused upon the notion of self development and making a person to judge the virtues based on his inner-self rather than focusing on the outer reality of a person. For Socrates truth lies beneath the existence and it is the responsibility of the Philosopher to actually show the way to the people. This paper will discuss one of the statements of the Socrates and will make a comparison of the same with the philosophy of Machiavelli. Socrates’ Statement The statement made by Socrates appeared in the Republic written by Plato and is described in following manner: â€Å"And Justi ce was in truth, it appears, something like this. It does not lie in man’s external actions, but in the way he acts within himself, really concerned with himself and his inner parts† Socrates philosophy was based upon the truth and justice therefore the above statement indicates that there is noting right or wrong in its absolute nature. Actions which are beneficial therefore should be taken and those which are not beneficial, a person should refrain from the same. (Porter) With this statement, Socrates therefore attempted to dispel the notion that truth and justice cannot be the advantage for stronger. It therefore does not lie into the person’s external reality but is based upon the notion of finding it within the inner parts of a person. Here Socrates also seemed to have given a clear indication of two parts of an individual i.e. the body and the soul and outlines that each part actually is its own master. Socrates also seemed to hint that it is the individual who actually can drive the self and therefore commands the body and the soul. It is therefore within this perspective that truth and justice lies within a person and not in his external actions which is often against the conventional wisdom. It is also important to understand that Socrates has viewed the just man in a relatively different manner. He outlined that a just person cannot harm because for him receiving and giving harm is relatively more painful. This line of thinking therefore is clearly associated with the alignment of the ideas of justice and just person with the assumption that the justice and truth is within a person. The above statement may also be viewed from the larger point of view taken by Thrasymachus who maintained that justice is what is advantageous to the stronger. Socrates however seemed to disagree with this and suggested that justice is within a person and is not directly correlated with the person’s external status. It is because of this reason that Socrates accepts that in truth and justice, a person really acts for himself. Machiavelli and Justice One of the key aspects of this debate will be based upon how Machiavelli and Socrates actually view the individuals. According to Socrates, a just person cannot harm others and justice is therefore based upon helping others. Machiavelli however, seems to disagree with that and suggest that a Prince can adapt to cruelty to his subjects while at the same time

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Design of Delay Unit Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Design of Delay Unit - Lab Report Example This means that the pin will deliver only 200mA Pin 6 – this is the threshold pin of the chip. This pin detects two thirds of the rail voltage for it to make a LOW state output only if pin two is in HIGH state. This pin contains a very high impedance and triggers at about 1uA. A 555 timer based oscillator is a circuit that generates highly and clear free running waveforms. The output frequency of these waveforms can be adjusted by connecting an RC circuit with one capacitor and two resistors. This circuits is a type of the general relaxation oscillator which generates square waveforms that are stable. These waveforms can have a fixed frequency of about 500 kHz or it can have duty cycles that are varying from fifty to a hundred percent. Unlike monostable circuits that stops after the pre-set time has elapsed, this oscillator circuit has a re-triggering mechanism achieved by interfacing the trigger input pin two and pin six which is the threshold voltage. This makes the device t o be an astable oscillator circuit. In the above oscillator circuit, pin two and pin six are connected together. This allows the circuit tio have a self-triggering mechanism in each operation cycle. This makes the circuit’s operation a free running oscillator. This circuit is also known as voltage-to-frequency converter. This is because its output frequency can be varied by varying the applied input voltage. These waveforms can have a fixed frequency of about 500 kHz or it can have duty cycles that are varying from fifty to a hundred percent.

Monday, January 27, 2020

Pantaloon Retail Limited, Marketing Analysis

Pantaloon Retail Limited, Marketing Analysis Future Group focuses most in the retail segment and most of its businesses are built around the same. Future Groups retail network operates 1,000 stores for more than 200 million Indians in 73 cities and 65 rural locations across the country in 16 million square feet of retail space. Some of the most popular retail chains of India like Pantaloons (chain of fashion destinations), Big Bazaar (hypermarket chain), Food Bazaar (supermarket chain) and Central (chain of seamless destination malls) Brand Factory, Planet Sports, ALL, Top 10 and Star and Sitara are managed by Future group. Indias most popular online shopping portal www.futurebazaar.com is also owned by the Future Group. Home building and home improvement products and services are also led through the groups formats, like the Home Town (large-format home solutions store), Collection i (formats specialized for home furniture and home furnishing) and Furniture Bazaar and consumer electronics through eZone and Electronics Bazaar. Aadhaar, Indias leading rural retailing chain has a presence in more than 65 rural locations. It acts as a complete solution provider for the Indian farmer. Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited is one of the leading retailers in India. Mr. Kishore Biyani, is the founder and is famously known as Indias King of Retail. Pantaloon has revolutionized the retail fraternity. With its headquarter in Mumbai, Pantaloons operates multiple retail formats in value and lifestyle segment. Pantaloons plans to increase its retail space to 30 million sq. ft. by 2011. PRIL is sub-divided into: Pantaloons Big bazaar Food Bazaar Fashion Station All Blue sky E-zone Collection 1 Home town Central Mall 2001 Indias first hypermarket chain Big bazaar is launched 2002 Food bazaar, a supermarket chain is launched 2006 Future groups financial arm, Future capital holdings launches two real estate funds Pantaloons High fashion family department, geared toward Indian middle and upper classes. In 2005, pantaloons rolled out a new merchandise and brand communication campaign to position itself as fashion trendsetter appeal to Indias youth. Central Mall It is positioned as a place for shopping, eat and enjoying. Big Bazaar Big Bazaar hypermarket concept was started in 2007 by PRIL. It was designed to integrate elements of an Indian bazaar with recent retailing features like parking of vehicles, AC shopping environment and privilege of replacing merchandise. Food Bazaar The first outlet of Food Bazaar opened in June 2002, within a Big Bazaar store, six month later the chain had grown to 42 outlets: 18 stand alone. Future Groups main businesses are : E-commerce Futurebazaar.com, Pantaloons website has changed the e-commerce business in India. A wide range of products are made available at affordable prices. PC World has named the website as the Best Indian Website for 2007 in the Shopping category. Food In the food section, a lot of options are available like Food Bazaar Chain of large super markets Brew Bar Its a beer bar Cafà © Bollywood -Its a eateries chain which is PAN India Chamosa Snack counter Sports Bar A Bistro which is dedicated to the sports world Fashion Varieties of options are available in this section like Top 10, Central, Blue Sky, Etam, Fashion Station, Gini, Jony, Navaras and ALL. Home Electronics Furniture store called Collection i Electronic goods and appliances store called Electronics Bazaar Electronics Items store called e-zone Home furniture store called Furniture Bazaar One destination for all home needs called Home Town Leisure Entertainment A family entertainment center called Bowling Co. A store offering gaming options from bowling, pool, video games to bumper cars called F 123 Wellness Beauty Health Village Its a yoga center as well a spa Star Sitara: A beauty salon for men and women Tulsi Allopathic, homeopathic and ayurvedic medicinal products are provided Turmeric Beauty products like colour cosmetics, fragrances, herbal and specialty skin items, hair products and bath accessories are offered. Books Music Depot It offers stationary, CDs and books Major Achievements of Pantaloon Retail 2007 International Retailer of the Year 2007 Emerging market Retailer of the Year 2007 According to Hewitt Best Employers Survey Best Employers in India (Rank 14th) 2006 Best Managed Company in India (Mid-cap) for the year 2006 Image Retail Awards for Best Value Retail Store, Best Retail Destination, and Best Food Grocery Store. Retail Black Hole Model The Black hole model is also known as The Retail EST Model. It was developed by J.C Williams Group. According to this model a retailer can win if he is the best in one of the several retail offerings i.e to say that the company is clearly positioned in one or more preferred locations to win and hence they are the strategic differentiators. The losers gravitate to central position, are not best at anything and are sucked into the black hole of retailing We have a store opening virtually every fortnight; I have lost count now of how many I have opened Kishore Biyani Big Bazaar A paradigm shift to the Modern Retail Big Bazaar is a unit of Pantaloon Retail (India) Ltd and caters to the Great Indian Middle Class. It is like an Indian bazaar or mandi or mela, the environment created by traders to give shoppers a sense of moment. The personality of big bazaar is one of an entity being authentically no-frills. The personality of the brand is self expressed by its tagline Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi It sells a variety of merchandise at affordable rates, the prices of which it claims are lowest in the city. Usually the items are clubbed together for offers as on the lines of Wal-Mart and Carrefour, offer weekend discounts and works on the same economy model as Wal-Mart and has considerable success in many Indian cities and small towns. Food Bazaar format was added as Shop-In-Shop within Big Bazaar in the year 2002. Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar blend the look, feel and touch of Indian Bazaar with modern retail concepts of choice, convenience and quality. PRODUCT MIX ELECTRONICS BAZAAR Television sets Washing Machines Refrigerator Personal Care mBazaar Microwaves Small Appliances Laptops Computer Accessories Kitchen Appliances FASHION JEWELLERY Footwear Bazaar Beauty Care Navara Star Parivar Meena Bindre FURNITURE BAZAAR Living Room Bed Room Kitchen Dinning Rooms Kids Room Been Bags Paintings Decorative Items CHILD CARE TOYS Kids Wear Toy Bazaar Stationary Child Care OTHER SERVICES Mr. right Bakery Loot Mart Tulsi Future Money Future Generally TARGET AUDIENCE Higher and upper middle class customers are the target segment of Big bazaar. Another preferred customer segment is the young and growing population of the country. Big bazaar primarily targets the women folk and home makers who they feel are the primary decision makers. CORE COMPETENCIES Product range consisting of more than 20,000 products. Has a strong supply chain spanning one thousand five hundred cities and towns in India. Big bazaar has tie ups with world leaders in logistical services. Big bazaar has created a helpline for solving the queries of customers. Offers manufacturers guarantee as opposed to sellers guarantee. Good quality at reasonable cost. STRATEGIES: Minimize retailing cost. Minimize operating expenses by employing fewer floor staff -single person for every 500 sq ft. Keep furniture cost to minimum. Cut down expenses related to sourcing by almost 25-30%. Increasing the overall efficiency of logistics by creating mother-hubs all across India for the purpose of sourcing products from regional/local vendors. Slashing channel cost by up to 25%. Economizing Shelf Space Dealing with unsold stock in an effective manner. Ensuring enough pull to snatch away customers from the neighbourhood. Introducing the concept of todays price wherein a products is chosen on a daily basis and sold at lower than usual price. Big Bazaars New Marketing Strategy: A new marketing strategy, based on guerrilla marketing has been launched by big bazaar. The guerrilla force is divided into small groups to selectively attack the target at its weak points. As a part of this strategy Future group has come up with three catchy and cocky advertisement campaigns. Keep West-a-Side. Make a smart choice! Shoppers! Stop. Make a smart choice! Change Your Lifestyle. Make a smart choice! untitleduntitled STRATEGIC ANALYSIS SWOT analysis of Big Bazaar SWOT-BB PEST ANALYSIS Political and Legal Factors: A stable government at the centre creates an encouraging investment climate Problems of getting subsidy from Octrai and on different taxes like land, water taxes A less complicated taxation structure(GST) on the horizon. Problems regarding taking over properties and real estate. Easing restrictions on FDI by the government leading to easier import of foreign consumer goods, thereby bringing variety to the Indian market place. Economical: India is one of the fastest growing economies, next only to China (7-7.5% GDP growth rate). Retail Industry to grow leaps and bounds by 2015 due to the consumption driven economy of the country. Increase in the percentage contribution of the service sector to GDP. Increased emphasis on infrastructural growth in the current 5 year plan will help reduce some of the bottlenecks in the retail segment. Socio-Cultural Factors: Increase in Nuclear families Increase in working womens proposition Life style changes Shift in Product and service preferences Increase in Young population giving the country a demographic advantage Technological: Technological development for fast billing and the service Better applications of information technology in the modern retail industry, like in supply chain management, store management, point of sale and customer relationship management Porters Five Forces Model Por 7 P Analysis of Big Bazaar Product There is a wide range of products on offer at Big-bazaar, ranging from apparels, food, farm products, furniture, child care, toys, etc. Products of all the major brands are available at Big Bazaar. A lot of in house brands (private labels) are also promoted by Big Bazaar. Price The tag-line of Big Bazaar is Is se sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi. The model on which Big bazaar works is one of economies of scale. Maximum Market Share (market penetration pricing) is the major objective of pricing at Big bazaar. Place Big-bazaar has a pan India presence with more than seventy-five outlets spread across fifty cities. Big Bazaar has presence in almost all the major Indian cities. Kishore Biyani is very aggressive when it comes to expansion plans of Big bazaar. As per Biyani, the cost of real estate should preferably be less than 5% of total sales of store if one wants to provide maximum benefit to customers. Securing spaces before other retailers join in has been a strategic decision of Big bazaar which has resulted in cost-saving. Promotion Many novel cross sell and upsell strategies have been developed by Big bazaar in Indian retail market. Big Bazaar uses various promotional techniques such as saal ke sabse saste teen din, Future card, Shakti card, using M.S.Dhoni as brand ambassador, Exchange offers such as junk swap offer, POP promotions. Print media, TV, Radio (FM) and road-side bill-boards are some of the many means used by Big bazaar for advertizing and effective communication. People People are considered to be one of the key assets in any organization and their importance is even more profound in the service sector. Big bazaars staff possesses some salient features such as: The staff is well trained for modern retail. Innovative thinking among the employees is encouraged at Big bazaar. Multiple payment counters, availability of stores staff for keeping baggage and presence of security guard at every gate. Process Some of the salient features of dispatch and purchasing area of goods include : Trolleys are available for carrying purchased items sufficient nos of counters for easy check-out are present. Information hoardings/banners for efficient identification of items at store Physical Evidence It deals with the final deliverable or the exhibit of written facts. The staff has standardized dress code to improve the overall appearance of the store (atmospherics). FINANCIAL ANALYSIS of PRIL PRIL Profit and Loss Statement Interpretation Total revenues have constantly been on the rise. This is partly due to the increasing sales resulting from aggressive expansion plans (opening up of outlets) of PRIL. PAT has also been on steady rise though it has flattened a bit in recent years probably due to higher operating costs, inability to transfer the increased cost to the customer etc. EPS has also been on a steady rise apart from a single occasion in 2007 when it went down. The reason could be a rights issue or other similar action leading to equity dilution. The return on capital employed has been decreasing YoY. This could because of concern for the company. The debt equity ratio has not been too volatile and has always been below 2 which is an indication of sound financial status of the company. Aggressive Marketing: Promotions 02 The promotional activity of the company, which says Nobody Sells Cheaper and Better! has differentiated Big-Bazaar (as a brand) in the minds of the customer. The punch-line has made its place in minds of customer. As the competition is becoming stiff in the market the activities conducted by the company are unique, that have brought fruitful result to the company. Among them sales Promotions is one of the leading activity or unique among all other activities has high influence on the customer walk-in. As sales promotions is the major force for Big-Bazaar, Big Bazaar take it very seriously especially during festivals special occasions by focussing aggressively on psychological emotional promotion strategies as per the demographic profile of the various consumers. About 60-70% of shopping for apparel, consumer durables, and home furnishing, among other things, happen during festivals. At least 40-50% takes place during the peak festival season, between September and November. According to Ashni Biyani, 23, a team is set up six months ago comprising experts on Indian mythology and religion, retail and even an expert on days, seriously targeted one-third of the 150 auspicious days in the Hindu calendar. They map all the communities in India on how they shop and how these calendars work. They focus to understand intuitively, their customs, their rituals, adding that this is the part of a larger strategy to engage customers and to attract that India which lives in the deep-rooted communities. Sabse Saste 3 Din: The best watershed for brand Big Bazaar was the introduction of the Sabse Sasta Din in January 2005, when the Indian Republic Day holiday was utilized to make sure that hordes of consumers descended on all Big Bazaars across the country to buy all kinds of household items cheap. There were scenes of customers actually vigorously fighting over items in-store long queues were seen in the store. Big Bazaar like previous years, attracted large crowds during its three day sales event called Sabse Saste 3 Din organised to celebrate the Republic Day. Depending on the results, the event is sometimes extended to 5-6 days as it happened in 2008. The promotional event being organised by Big Bazaar every year has assumed great significance over the years. A large number of customers look forward to this event as hefty discounts on a range of products are offered to the customers in partnership with the retail chains vendors on this occasion. This is, perhaps, the biggest sales event being organised by any retailer in the country. Big Bazaar, which sold merchandise worth Rs 140 crores in 2007, garnered revenues of over Rs. 280 crores during the year 2008 the growth still continues unexpectedly. As mentioned by Kishore Biyani, the whole focus is low margins pushing volumes aggressively during these times which make the Big-Bazaar stick to its core Brand-Personality. Wednesday and Weekend Bazaar: One of the most popular events Wednesday Bazaar presents terrific offers and irresistible discounts on majority of the products. The Concept was to aim at giving the homemakers the power to save the most on this day of the week. Even on weekends when the footfall is the highest, eye-catching offers and discounts are promoted. The weekend promotions differentiated from the Wednesday bazaar in terms of the offers cross-selling and not on reducing the price of a particular product. This way they were able to differentiate both the concepts focus on avoiding confusion while promoting it to the consumers and also attract different type of consumers during these durations. Special event promotions: Maha Bachat Sale: Big Bazaars incorporates such as on Independence day by having Maha Bachat Sale which did a business of 1.5 crores in its Bangalore store alone. Maha Bachat focuses on further reducing the price as compared to the Wednesday Bazaar. Also on auspicious occasions such as Akshaya Tritiya which again did a business of 150Cr on a single day in Mumbai Ahmedabad last year. An event offering discounts, benefits and privileges to senior citizens were created and promoted on the Senior Citizens Day. Monthly Bachat Bazaar: Big Bazaar understands clearly the habits of Indian consumers. In Monthly Bachat Bazaar the prices are reduced at the start of every month in order to target those consumers who bulk purchase the products and especially the commodities every month. Price Challenge Campaign: Reinforcing Big Bazaars USP of value proposition, Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi scheme was launched. The challenges promise to offer twice the price difference, if the cost of any of the item found in the store is found to be higher than the market price. This doesnt mean that the consumer actually go to other shops in order to compare the prices, but due to this challenge of Big-Bazaar, the consumers had more faith trust on the Big-Bazaar and hence were confident seeing the confidence level of Big-Bazaar which again built a strong brand differentiation of Big-Bazaar for low pricing. Exchange Offers: This promotion primarily focused on letting people disposing off their junk and to gain something out of it in return i.e. Bring anything old take anything new. They could exchange their products and shop from a huge spectrum of discounted products. This gave the motivation factor to consumers to give their old belongings for something worth hence their old is not getting waste or is unvalued. Since the Indian consumers are very much value conscious, this strategy worked out very well. Big-Bazaar also made it sure that the campaign is actually not fooling the consumers around and is actually giving the desired value focusing on the fact that faith thrashed is never recovered in India. In- Store Communications: To ensure that no one misses out on an opportunity to gain from special offers, service boys ferry around a trolley with the product inside, announcing the scheme. Not only is this entertaining it also helps customers pick up the product from the trolley instead of walking up to the rack where it is on display. Language Customization: To make sure that non-English speaking customers dont feel alienated, the communication is also conducted in the local language. The communication is always unambiguous and direct. The Power of One Campaign: This initiative encourages customers to add One Rupee to their bill towards donation to a social cause. Big Bazaar makes an equal contribution and donates the entire proceeds to an NGO called Save the Children India. This is a selfless body which has been working for the welfare of children from marginalized sections of society. Corporate campaign: Big Bazaar has recently launched a corporate campaign which revolves around a family having a great time together. The brand anthem Khushiyon se Bhari Jholi connects with the customers at an emotional level positioning Big Bazaar as part of the happy moments. Future Cards: Specifically for Big Bazaar outlets these credit-cum-loyalty card which offer customers a slew of discounts and benefits across Future Group stores are co-branded with ICICI Bank. Customers receive four loyalty points for every Rs 100 spent at Future groups retail stores and one loyalty point for every Rs 200 spent outside the groups retail stores. This creates a vicious cycle for the customers to repeat their purchases and is especially done by the consumers during special occasions. School Jao Khushi Khushi Providing Discounts School related requirements accessories like school bags, water bottles, lunchboxes, shoes etc. Promotions include: Pencil Case for purchase of above Rs 500. Free shopping trip worth Rs 1000/- for Sending ones experience of the Best day that you had in school the most humorous the best one is selected as a winner and to avail the offer. Lucky draw for the lucky kids shop for Rs 1,000 above, drop in your kids name into the drop box 10 lucky kids were provided with the offer 30% off on an NIIT course Motivational offer for Kids: Shop for Rs 500 or above, Parents are told to drop in the kids painting, the best painting is sponsored for an art course. Doston ke saath khushiyon manao Individual are invited with friends more the merrier shopping with 1 friend entitles the individual with 10% discount, coming with two friends get 20% discount etc on the total bill. Friendship band to every walk-in A friend indeed -people were told to drop their best friends name in the drop-box and in lucky draw the winner could win the major prize A Car!! Special treatment emotional connect for the individual his/her friend -free massage, tattoos, horoscope etc were provided for purchases above Rs 500/- above during the friendship day. Diwali Dhamaka: This campaign especially remains open for longer duration Huge discounts are seen over the board If purchase is above Rs 300/- two pairs of diya were provided to the customers Tie up with known mithaiwala: if one purchases above 1000/- people can avail discounts of 45% or above on the mithai purchased from that mithaiwala. Motivating the home made mithai recepies: Purchasing goods worth Rs 500 above, females were pulled to send the recipe of their secret mithai the best judged recipe gets a complete set of Sanjeev Kapoors cook-books Diwali Manao Abroad winning through lucky draw on purchases worth Rs 1,000 or above. Christmas Joy: Across the board discounts. Big Bazaars special surprise Christmas gift on purchase of over Rs 1000/- or above. Christmas-Card Design Contest: Design next years Christmas card for children and a gift voucher worth Rs. 500 were given to the best card winner. Big Bazaar Christmas party focussing on points vouchers through festival focussed games. Happy-Hours: All the discounts/offers were hiked up in a fixed hr of a day eg: Buy X and get Rs 10 off on that day will become Rs 15 off. Mystery-Shopper: Everyday, one person is tagged as the mystery shopper i.e. a) 100th person walking through the door wearing all red b) 1st person walking through the door wearing all red These person gets the discount of 50% on the total bill. Apke kismat mein hai khushi: Lucky is happy Based on scratch card Get all that you pick in 60 seconds till reaching the billing counter Assured gift for the bulk takers: Choose a gift from the listed items if the bill is above 1000/- This is used especially to push the non-moving goods which is usually put in the listed free gift items. Banto khushiyan har ek ke sang: Social causes Khilone se khushi bate Toy drop box was set in the big-bazaar store and the concept was promoted to ask for the toys from the families then the toys were sent to the social organisations working for underprivileged childrens. This has helped the underprivileged, generate goodwill, and have also attracted the floor traffic to store at the large scale. Supporting a charity Support through charity: Donation to the charity on the individuals name for purchasing above a specified amount. Customers were given an ornament with his or her name on it to hang signifying the donation by the individual. Advertisements: Advertising for Big-Bazaar is an essential component of brand building. The advertisement focusing on brand building of Big-Bazaar is done through various ways, Some of the techniques applied are: Tag Line: One of the key components of Big Bazaar is its Tag Lines. Designed according to the demographic profile of customers in order to get connected easily with simple one-liners. The catch liners includes Chane ke bhaw kaaju, Stall ke bhaw balcony etc. 0306 Holistic Advertisement: Promotes the brand and creates awareness among people. It is not targeted at promoting each store but only creates an image of Big-Bazaar as low-cost shopping option. The store has advertised through TV, road-shows and also started reality show typed promotional campaign The Big Bazaar Challenge Promotions like Sabse Sasta Din is very successful strategy to get footfall. Print-Ads: Just before the launch of any new schemes Big-Bazaar spends heavily on advertisements in print media especially newspapers. This is done in order to create a buzz about the big-bazaar brand its upcoming schemes. TV-Ads: various channels are utilized properly, also as per the demographics cultural channels the schemes, promotions especially the common brand tag-line is aired in order to create top of the mind awareness Road side Advertisements: As a brand building exercise, big-bazaar displays bill-boards in prime locations as per the target people. Focus is more on the phrases which is targeted to the needs of the customers as per the market conditions at that particular point of time. Radio-Ads: The major focus through radio ads is in Tier-12 cities. And the prime emphasis is given on radio ads for promotions in order to inform customers for all the new happenings schemes at Big-Bazaar. Fashion-Shows: The latest innovation of the Indian iconic brand is FASHION @ BIG BAZAAR Desh Badla, Bhesh Badlo. In order to make an effort to take the Fashion to the masses, a three-day fashion show was organized by Big-Bazaar on the streets of Bandra, Mumbai. 1413 Brand Endorsement by Celebrity: For marketing and advertising its brand name, value endorsement co-branding is used by Big Bazaar. Earlier Himesh Reshammiya Sanath Jaisuriya was associated with Big-Bazaar. Also, recently the current campaigns are being associated promoted with the Indian cricket ODI captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni. Communication through Media: Heavy spending is carried out for proper position of Big Bazaar through the different mediums. Paper advertisements are released just before the launch of any new scheme, billboards are displayed on prime locations, frequent TVCs are aired in prime time in various Indian channels for the mass, advertisements on FM channels about the current happenings are aired etc. Below the Line Promotion: Coupon, discount, more of the product at normal price, gift with purchase, competition, and prizes, money back offer, exchange offer, special occasion. Big Bazaar, in association with Star India Pvt Ltd, has launched a collection of designer ethnic wear under the brand Star Parivaar. Above the Line Promotion: Advertisements in Newspaper, TV, Internet (own website which give online shopping service), Partnership with Bigfilx, Big FM 92.7. Aggressive Pricing Strategy The tag-line is Is se Sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi make Big-Bazaar to differentiate itself from competitors in terms of only pricing the value at that price. Hence it makes it very important for the Big-Bazaar to always focus on the its pricing strategies to keep the prices always low compared to the competitors whatever the market, economy or the external conditions is. They work on the model of economics of scale. There pricing objective is to get Maximum Market Share. The various pricing techniques used at Big Bazaar are: EDLP Every Day Low Pricing: Big-Bazaar as a brand is differentiated through low pricing strategies. Hence it promises delivers the lowest available price without stressing on coupon clipping, discount promotions waiting time, or comparison shopping. Promotional-Pricing: Low interest rate financing is being offered by Big-Bazaar. Psychological discounting (Rs. 99, Rs. 49, etc.) strategy is used as a promotional tool. Special Event pricing (Close to Diwali, Gudi Padva, and